The reading passage suggests humpback whales are navigated by stars when migrating. However, the professor disagrees and refutes the reading passage’s reasons as following.

Firstly, the reading passage suggests a positive correlation between intelligence and star navigation ability. The professor argues that the relationship is not reliable because some animals navigated by stars hold a general intelligence. For example, Ducks are the animals used stars as navigation but they don’t own high intelligence. So, it seems no correlation between intelligence and navigated by stars.

Secondly, the reading passage argues stars are only choice for the whales to be navigated in the sea because landmarks are not available in the ocean. The professor points out many sea animals have Bio magnetite which is used to sense earth magnetism. So do humpback whales have. Thus, he conjects that humpback whales may also use Bio magnetite to feel the earth magnetism to navigate themselves.

Finally, the reading passage claims the whales watch stars by spyhopping. However, the professor casts doubt on this conclusion because sharks also skyhop during hunting. So, there is no mandatory connection between skyhopping and navigating by stars.

In a conclusion, before a further detail research, we can’t conclude that whales navigated by stars.

Universities offer a wide variety of classes nowadays. From these courses, we need to judge which courses are mandatory and which are not. History course is one of the controversial courses. Personally, universities shouldn’t require all students attend it.

Firstly, requiring all students attend history course may waste students’ time and distract their attention from their majors. Most students won’t go in for jobs related to history in their future career. Thus, they should spend more time on what they really interested and can be benefit from instead of spending a lot of time on unrelated courses. For example, Politics was a mandatory course in my university, so I spent plenty of time on studying the social policies in order to pass the exam. However, my current major is Computer Science and I would get a better job if I spent more time on my major instead of studying unrelated courses.

Secondly, students may already exhaust themselves with exams for their own majors. As such, adding history courses will expose them to great pressure. Furthermore, students may hate history. According to the research published by “ The Economist”, students in the universities only have 5 sleeping hours during the final week. If we added history courses as additional mandatory ones, it would further deprive students of their sleeping hours.

Thirdly, some people may argue that understanding human history is important to cultivate a knowledgeable person. I agree, but we can have different sources to acquire history knowledge instead of having it as a mandatory course. For example, we can surf online, go to the museum or travel to historical sites. If we explored historical knowledge by these relaxing methods, we would be happy to acquire historical knowledge.

All in all, history is critical for human civilization. However, we can figure out some other methods to make history learning more interesting.

Our universities provide us various classes nowadays. We need to judge which courses are mandatory and which are not. The history courses are also one of controversial courses. I would prefer to classify history courses to be elective.

Firstly, it may waste students time and distract their attention from their majors. These students will not engage in jobs related to history in their future career. Thus, reciting historical events and understanding the impacts for different dynasties are unnecessary. They can spend time on what they are really interested in and get a better achievement in the future. For example, politics is also a mandatory course when I was young. I spent a lot of time to recite revolution events to pass the exam. My current major is Computer Science. If I spend more time on my own field instead of reciting political events, I may get a better job.

Secondly, students may already exhaust with exams for their own majors. Adding history courses as their mandatory courses may burn them out. Furthermore, it may cause students feel pressure and let them hate to study. According to the model built by “Economist”, one more mandatory course added in student syllabus, 1 hour sleeping time would be decreased from students. It would cause students depressed.

Thirdly, some people may argue that understanding human history is important to cultivate a well-knowledge person. I agree but we can have different sources to get history knowledge instead of having it as mandatory courses. For example, we can surf online to explore some specific history for our personal interests, or we can go to the museum to enjoy the real antique objects and read stories behind them. These methods will make us understand the charming of the history better.

All in all, history is critical for human civilization.  However, we don’t need to make them as mandatory courses. We can figure out some other methods to make history learning interesting.